Histórias de lésbicas irmanadas em uma confraria em Belo Horizonte (MG) / Stories of lesbians joined in a "queer confraternity" in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil / Historias de lesbianas unidas en una cofradía de entendidas en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, Brasil

Resumo Este artigo apresenta histórias de uma Confraria de lésbicas hoje idosas que viveram a juventude na cidade de Belo Horizonte. O objetivo é descrever como um grupo de lésbicas se constituiu em uma Confraria a partir do final dos anos 1970 e início dos 80 e, partindo dessas experiências, refletir sobre a invisibilidade lésbica à luz da heteronormatividade. Utilizando o conceito de estigma, busca-se captar os elementos que mantiveram essa geração de mulheres homossexuais entre o gueto, o armário e a invisibilidade, bem como conhecer as alternativas adotadas para estabelecer suas relações homoafetivas. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas em profundidade trazem à tona as estratégias adotadas para a construção de suas identidades e dos territórios seguros que lhes permitiram vivenciar seus desejos homoeróticos e se sociabilizarem entre iguais. Os guetos encontrados ou por elas construídos proporcionaram a vivência de seus proibidos afetos e a criação de longevos e persistentes laços de amizade que se consolidaram em uma potente rede de apoio entre elas na velhice.

Abstract This article presents stories of a fraternity of lesbians now elderly who lived their youth in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective here is to describe how a group of lesbians formed a fraternity from the late 70's and early 80's, and departing from their experiences, reflect on lesbian invisibility in the light of heteronormativity. We use the concept of stigma to capture the elements that kept the generation of homosexual women between the ghetto, the closet and invisibility, as well as to learn about the alternatives adopted by them to establish amorous relationships with other women. The data collected in the in-depth interviews bring to light the strategies adopted by to construct their identities and safe territories that allowed them to experience their homoerotic desires and socialize among equals. The ghettos found or built by them provided the experience of their forbidden affections and the creation of long-lived and persistent bonds of friendship that ended up consolidated in a powerful support network among them in old age.

Resumen Este artículo presenta historias de una Cofradía de lesbianas hoy ancianas que vivieron su juventud en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte. El objetivo es describir cómo un grupo de lesbianas constituyó una Cofradía desde finales de los años 70 y principios de los años 80 y, a partir de sus experiencias, reflexionar sobre la invisibilidad lésbica a la luz de la norma y del concepto de estigma, captando los elementos que mantuvieron a la generación de mujeres homosexuales entre el gueto, el armario y la invisibilidad, así como conociendo las alternativas adoptadas para la constitución de sus relaciones homoafectivas. Los datos recogidos en las entrevistas ponen profundamente de manifiesto las estrategias adoptadas para la construcción de sus identidades y de los territorios seguros que les permitieron experimentar sus deseos homoeróticos y socializar entre iguales. Los guetos proporcionaron la vivencia de sus afectos prohibidos y la creación de lazos de amistad duraderos y persistentes que se consolidaron en una poderosa red de apoyo entre ellas en la vejez.

Conexões e Alianças do Movimento LGBT em Pernambuco na Década de 1980: memórias do GATHO / Connections and Alliances of the LGBT Movement in Pernambuco in the 1980's: the GATHO Memories / Conexiones y Alianzas del Movimiento LGBT en Pernambuco en los 1980: memorias del GATHO

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para visibilização de narrativas históricas sobre o movimento LGBT pernambucano na década de 1980 (à época definido como movimento homossexual), a partir da análise de produções jornalísticas - digitalizadas e disponibilizadas em hemerotecas on-line, originalmente publicadas na década de 1980 - sobre a atuação do Grupo de Atuação Homossexual (GATHO). As 30 publicações foram organizadas em um quadro analítico, resultando em três linhas de análise: (i) articulações da ação política do Grupo com outros movimentos sociais; (ii) articulações e interlocuções do grupo na arena política; (iii) convergências e divergências entre as pautas daquele movimento na década de 1980 e as atuais pautas do movimento LGBT. Conclui-se que o GATHO se articulou com outros grupos de destaque no Brasil, a fim de fortalecer o movimento de resistência ao regime civil-militar que impunha opressão sobre as diversidades sexuais, além da interlocução frequente com a esquerda partidária. Foram mapeadas ainda conexões com outros grupos com pautas mais aliadas na construção de agendas comuns de reivindicação. Em linhas gerais, embora tenha havido mudanças na estética e dinâmica de constituição do movimento, parece que o debate se manteve menos na afirmação identitária e mais no enfrentamento a discriminações.

This paper aims to contribute to the visibility of historical narratives about the Pernambuco LGBT movement in the 1980s (at the time defined as homosexual movement), based on the analysis of journalistic productions - digitized and made available in online libraries, originally published in the 1980s - about the work of the Grupo de Atuação Homossexual (GATHO). The 30 publications were organized in an analytical framework, resulting in three lines of analysis: (i) articulations of the Group's political action with other social movements; (ii) articulations and interlocutions of the group in the political arena; (iii) convergences and divergences between the agendas of that movement in the 1980s and the current agendas of the LGBT Movement. We conclude that GATHO articulated with other prominent groups in Brazil, in order to strengthen the resistance movement against the civil-military regime that imposed oppression on sexual diversities, as well as the frequent interlocution with the partisan left. Connections with other groups with more allied agendas were also mapped in the construction of common agendas for demands. In general terms, although there have been changes in the aesthetics and dynamics of the constitution of the movement, it seems that the debate has remained less on identity affirmation and more on confronting discrimination.

Este artículo pretende contribuir a la visibilidad de narrativas históricas sobre el movimiento LGBT del Nordeste de Brasil en los 1980, a través del análisis de producciones periodísticas - digitalizadas y disponibles en bibliotecas online, publicadas originalmente en la década de 1980 - sobre el trabajo del Grupo de Atuação Homossexual (GATHO). Las publicaciones (30) se organizaron en un marco analítico, dando lugar a tres líneas de análisis: (i) articulaciones de la acción política del Grupo con otros movimientos sociales; (ii) articulaciones e interlocuciones del grupo en el ámbito político; (iii) convergencias y divergencias entre las agendas de ese movimiento en los años 80 y las actuales del Movimiento LGBT. Concluimos que el GATHO se articuló con otros grupos destacados de Brasil, para fortalecer el movimiento de resistencia contra el régimen cívico-militar que imponía la opresión a las diversidades sexuales, así como la frecuente interlocución con la izquierda partidaria. En términos generales, aunque ha habido cambios en la estética y la dinámica de la constitución del movimiento, parece que el debate se ha mantenido menos en la afirmación de la identidad y más en la confrontación de la discriminación.

Cris Miró: trilogía de la diversidad sexual / Cris Miró: Trilogy of sexual diversity

Cris Miró (1965-1999) está considerada hoy un símbolo de la lucha por los derechos de las personas travesti y transgénero. Su performance en el teatro under en la década del 80 y su ascenso a la popularidad en los 90 la transformaron en una pionera de los actuales derechos en materia de diversidad sexual. Este artículo, preparado por quienes colaboraron con ella en aquellos años, presenta el work in progress de una trilogía integrada por La puesta de un espectáculo teatral. La edición de un libro, La realización de una muestra fotográfica. A partir de la dirección general de Jorgelina Belardo, quien acompañó a Cris Miró en sus primeros pasos por el teatro, el proyecto se apoya en un modelo ético y estético de elogio de la diversidad

Cris Miró (1965-1999) is today considered a symbol of the fight for the rights of people transvestite and transgender. Her performance in the theater under in the 1980s and her rise to the her popularity in the 90s transformed her into a pioneer of the current rights in terms of sexual diversity. This article, prepared by who collaborated with her in those years, presents the work in progress of a trilogy made up of The staging of a theatrical show, Publishing a book, Making a Photoshow. From the general address by Jorgelina Belardo, who accompanied Cris Miró in her first steps through the theater, the project was based on an ethical and aesthetic model of praise of diversity

La necesaria formación en competencia cultural / The necessary training in cultural competence

No disponible

Fertility-a human right worthy of mandated insurance coverage: the evolution, limitations, and future of access to care.

We review the history, current status, and potential future of state infertility mandates and focus on the business implications of mandates and on the inadequacies and reproductive injustice resulting from gaps between legislative intent and practical implementation. Nineteen states have passed laws that require insurers to either cover or offer coverage for infertility diagnoses and treatment. The qualifications for coverage, extent of coverage, and exemptions vary drastically from one state to another, resulting in deficiencies in access to care even within mandated states for certain groups, such as single individuals, patients in same-sex relationships, and patients pursuing fertility preservation. Although insurance coverage of fertility services in the United States has expanded as an increasing number of states have enacted infertility mandates, significant gaps in implementation and access remain even among states with existing mandates. Provider, patient, and legislative advocacy is warranted in the name of reproductive justice to expand insurance coverage and, in turn, maximize reproductive outcomes, which have been shown to improve as financial barriers are lifted.

TBG and Po: Discourses on authentic desire in 2010s lesbian subcultures in Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan.

Across lesbian communities in Hong Kong, China (PRC), and Taiwan (ROC), a group of masculine-presenting, assigned-female-at-birth individuals have come to be known as tomboys. Their partners are often normatively-feminine women who are labeled po (wife) in the mandarin-speaking China and Taiwan and TBG ("TomBoy's Girl") in the former colony. Throughout the late twentieth century and the 2000s, po and TBG had been conceptualized as latent heterosexuals whose heterosexuality was "falsely" displaced onto the tomboy lover, and it was also widely suspected that these women would eventually return to their "true" heteronormative lives. On the other hand, the 2010s era also sees queer women in the three Chinese societies increasingly leaning towards doing away with tomboy, TBG, po and all kinds of sexual identity categories altogether. How has the decades-old image of the "falsely-desiring" TBG/po evolved in this context of postidentity politics? In what ways is TBG/po desire imagined to be "real" or "fake"? And how has the true/false framework itself been transformed by postcategory yearnings? This article traces the shifting discourses on "authentic desire" ascribed to TBG and po women by first examining two media texts popular in the three lesbian circles-Yes or No and Girls Love-and second by looking into how women in these circles interpret these texts.

Fish in a Barrel: Police Targeting of Brisbane's Ephemeral Gay Spaces in the Pre-Decriminalization Era.

Across history, and particularly in periods of criminalization, the gay community have often been forced to resort to public spaces-"beats"-to clandestinely seek out anonymized sex with partners who share their sexual preference. This article reframes the construction of gay beats as ephemeral spaces that prevails in existing sexuality literature. Instead, it shows that Brisbane's beats were semi-permanent spaces with subcultural meaning to the local gay community-a fact that was used by police to target gay men during law enforcement's attempts to reestablish a moral order in the postwar era. Using a combination of archival material, personal narratives and secondary sources, this article effectively reframes the concept of gay beats as transitory spaces, and instead argues that it was their permanence and resilience in Brisbane's gay subculture that made them a perfect hunting ground for police looking to target a vulnerable homosexual community.

Could Johnny Tremain Be Gay? Reinterpretation as a Subversive Act.

Members of sexual minority groups confront a dearth of fictional characters in k-12 curricula with whom they can feel any affinity, particularly in regard to sexual orientation. This is especially problematic for readers who are at odds with themselves and/or society over cultural constructions of normalcy. Queer theory can address this issue by encouraging readers to contest the putative heteronormativity in works of literature. The perennially popular novel Johnny Tremain provides such an opportunity. Though the author, Esther Forbes, depicts the main protagonist as heterosexual, a queer analysis of the novel and comparison to the subsequent film version by Walt Disney suggest that other interpretations are possible. This is significant because healthy identity formation can be fostered by encountering positive portrayals of fictional individuals like oneself. Moreover, promoting self-esteem is consistent with the praxis - the "activist agenda" - that has become an important element of queer criticism.

On the Ground of Nature: Sexuality and Respectability in Die Freundschaft's Wandervogel Stories.

Die Freundschaft [Friendship] was a popular gay magazine during Germany's Weimar Republic. Unlike other gay magazines which preceded it, Friendship's mission was to support a mass movement for homosexual emancipation aimed at respectability and rights. This study examines how the stories about nature - particularly the Wandervogel stories - which were published in Friendship, supported the magazine's efforts at presenting homosexuality in a way that would be acceptable to the Weimar public. It argues that these stories drew from the legacy of the Wandervogel, as well as the conflicting movements of Adolf Brand and Magnus Hirschfeld, to formulate a kind of homosexuality that was connected to nature, steeped in Germany's literary tradition, and deeply commited to values such as duty and commitment to one's fellow man. This study problematizes these efforts by examining how they celebrated a specific kind of "respectable" homosexuality at the expense of other kinds of queerness.

"That crosscountry 1969 vw squareback and holiday inn affair": lesbian mobility.

This article argues that lesbian mobility contributed to the development of lesbian identity in North America in the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing primarily on published accounts, it explores the ways in which women achieved and sustained their lesbian identity in part through their access to what cultural geographers term a transportation assemblage or constellation of mobility. This was constituted through the symbolic meaning of mobility for predominantly white women, the existence of new highway networks and Volkswagen vehicles, which were popularized through countercultural branding, and lesbians' embodied experiences of fear and desire.

Is this what a lesbian looks like? Lesbian fashion and the fashionable lesbian in the United States press, 1960s to 2010s.

We explored articulations of lesbian styles, fashions, and ways of dressing in mainstream fashion and media outlets within the United States during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Based upon our findings, we propose that there was trending ambivalence and multiple assemblages across space and time where the mainstream media did not necessarily perpetuate a single stereotypical or essentialist way of conceptualizing fashionable lesbians or lesbian fashions. However, we also noted across time a divide between representations of celebrity lesbians and the contemporary lived experience of ordinary lesbians. Though the press acknowledged this divide on occasion, they also established, circulated, and reinforced this difference. According to the press, while lesbians have been 'chic' since the 1990s-whether they embraced a butch or femme esthetic-the best way to be lesbian was to be rich, white, and fashionably dressed.

25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs.

This article serves as the introduction to "25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs." It begins by placing the current issue in a commemorative context: marking the anniversary of a 1993 special issue of the Journal of Homosexuality dedicated to the emergence of "Gay and Lesbian Studies" and edited by Howard L. Minton. The introduction continues by providing an overview of early phases of academic transformations, primarily in the United States, with notes on particular legacies. This is followed by a brief survey of scholarship published since 1993 that pays particular attention to curricular and pedagogical concerns. It concludes by identifying themes articulated by the essays selected for this issue as well as commentary on their individual, yet richly interrelated, contributions.

Advocacy Beyond Identity: A Dutch Gay/Lesbian Organization's Embrace of a Public Policy Strategy.

The gay/lesbian social movement has primarily been understood as an identity movement. This article contributes to expanding understandings of the gay/lesbian movement by following the advocacy of the Dutch Association for the Integration of Homosexuality COC (COC) as a case of a gay/lesbian movement organization's expansion of its action repertoire to include public policy goals. On the basis of archival and interview data, this article identifies several factors that enabled the COC to see the Dutch government as a potential public policy partner. Previous legal successes and facilitation by the institutionalized wing of the women's movement, coupled with a constitutional change, resulted in the COC's development of a policy strategy. By tracing the history of the COC's strategic interactions, this article demonstrates that, while an identity strategy was constant throughout the COC's advocacy, the organization could combine an identity strategy with strategies of legal change, cultural change, and public policy.

When Queerness Meets Intersectional Thinking: Revolutionizing Parallels, Histories, and Contestations.

Intuitively distinguishing the myriad of critically informed paradigms requires an in-depth analysis of genealogies, histories, and philosophical underpinnings grounding each paradigm. Despite significant parallels between queer theory and intersectionality theory, the distinction of these two paradigms acts in both complicated and complementary manners that necessitate a dialogue on the contributions emanating from both paradigms to LGBTQ studies. This article targets the following goals: (1) explicate genealogy, history, and philosophical tenets of intersectionality and queer theory; (2) dialogue about the complementary yet complex relationships between the two paradigms; and (3) illustrate the promise of the complex relationship and distinction for LGBTQ studies.

"Not in my name": the anti-racist praxis of Mab Segrest & Minnie Bruce Pratt.

Minnie Bruce Pratt (1946-) and Mab Segrest (1949-) are white middle-class lesbians that both came of age during the classical phase of the Civil Rights Movement in rural Alabama. Today, they are considered influential figures in feminist and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) literary movements and recognized as important activists in late twentieth-century feminist, LGBTQ, and anti-racist political struggles. Examining Pratt's Rebellion: Essays, 1980-1991 (1991) and Segrest's Memoir of a Race Traitor (1994), I argue that both texts deconstruct the sociopolitical dynamics and ideologies that inform the inculcation of white middle-class southern womanhood specifically and hegemonic white southern culture generally through performing a form of anti-racist praxis that I call geospatial critique. This term addresses how Pratt and Segrest mine spaces that they occupy for histories of struggle, paying specific attention to how white settler-colonialism and chattel slavery produced particular epistemologies of race, class, gender, and sexuality that continue to influence social identities and practices in the present. Initially developed during Pratt and Segrest's collaboration on Feminary, a lesbian-feminist journal located in Durham, North Carolina, between 1978 and 1982, geospatial critique, I suggest, is a direct response to or a way of undoing the racial training that was part of the production of whiteness in the south from the turn to the first half of the twentieth century.

Educating New Generations: Standpoints in Women's and Gender Studies and Implications for the Inclusion of LGBTQ Studies in Italian University Courses.

It should not be surprising that in Italy, one of the latest European countries to recognize same-sex couples, LGBTIQ+ concerns are not included in students' academic curricula. Therefore, following the historical path of gender studies (GS) and women's studies (WS), this article explores the current feminist and gender discourse in order to catch a glimpse of what will be needed to fill this gap. To clarify which women's and gender studies standpoints are taught to new generations in Italy, lexicometric and correspondence analysis were performed on the descriptions of universities courses teaching WS and GS perspectives. Although the international spread of these two perspectives in academia is still wide, the results indicate a consistent lack of these courses in Italian institutions of higher education and, moreover, separate viewpoints associated with the two perspectives.

Immune profile at HIV infection diagnosis: Evolution in the French Alps area over the last 20 years.

OBJECTIVES: Health of HIV-infected people relies on early antiretroviral therapy, i.e. early diagnosis. We aimed to determine whether the characteristics at HIV diagnosis in two French medical centres changed over the last 20 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All individuals diagnosed with HIV infection in Grenoble University Hospital (N=814) and Annecy Hospital (N=246) between 1997 and 2015 were included. We collected age, country of birth, mode of transmission, CD4T cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV viral load. RESULTS: Among the 1060 patients (mean age 37.4±11 years, 70.2% of men), 42.5% were men having sex with men (MSM); 65.2% were born in France, and 24.4% were born in Africa. Mean CD4T cell count at diagnosis was 396±288/mm3 and was stable over the study period when considering all patients; when considering the MSM group, a significant increase over time was observed, with a mean increase of 7.3 CD4/mm3 per year (P<0.001). A higher CD4 count at diagnosis was observed after 2005 (400±289 vs 468±271/mm3, P=0.005). The proportion of MSM patients with a CD4 count<200/mm3 at diagnosis was lower after 2005 (14.7% after 2005 and 25.6% before, P=0.028) This was not observed in heterosexual patients (born in Africa or not). CONCLUSION: In the MSM population, CD4 count at diagnosis is higher after 2005, suggesting that screening campaigns have become more efficient. This was not observed in other populations, who should be better targeted in future strategies.

Participacionismo e diferencialismo identitário nas relações entre estado e movimentos sociais no brasil (2003-2010) / Participacionismo y diferencialismo en la relación entre el estado y los movimientos sociales en brasil (2003-2010) / Participationism and identity differentialism in relations between state and social movements in brazil (2003-2010)

Resumo Este trabalho discute a relação entre Estado e movimentos sociais por meio da análise de discursos sobre a participação e a constituição de fronteiras identitárias em torno de temáticas que envolvem os movimentos de juventude e LGBT (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais). Pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de documentos e observação de campo. Realizamos 26 entrevistas semiestruturadas com ativistas que, no período entre 2003 e 2010, ocuparam cargos governamentais. Os resultados são organizados por meio de dois discursos: (a) O discurso do participacionismo, que aponta sentidos e ambiguidades sobre participação social; (b) O discurso do diferencialismo identitário, que identifica tratamentos às identidades e diferenças. Esses discursos oferecem uma base conceitual para a análise dos efeitos do participacionismo e da fragmentação identitária nos processos organizativos e estratégias dos movimentos sociais, bem como para a relação entre atores.

Resumen Este trabajo discute la relación entre estado y movimientos sociales, a través del análisis de discursos sobre la participación y la constitución de fronteras identitarias en torno a temáticas que involucran los movimientos de juventud y LGBT (Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis y Transexuales). Investigación cualitativa con entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis de documentos y observación de campo. Realizamos 26 entrevistas semiestructuradas con activistas que, en el período entre 2003 y 2010, ocuparon cargos gubernamentales. Los resultados se organizan por medio de dos discurso: (a) El discurso del participacionismo, que apunta sentidos y ambigüedades sobre participación social; (b) El discurso del diferencialismo identitario, que mapea el campo de identificaciones y el posicionamiento de los actores en la arena política. Estos discursos ofrecen una base conceptual para el análisis de los efectos del participacionismo y de la fragmentación identitaria en los procesos organizativos y estrategias de los movimientos sociales, así como para la relación entre actores.

Abstract This work discusses the relationship between State and social movements through the analysis of discourses on participation and the constitution of identity boundaries around themes that involve youth and LGBT movements (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals). Qualitative research with semi-structured interviews, document analysis and field observation. Were conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with activists who, between 2003 and 2010, held government positions. The results are organized through two discourses: (a) The discourse of participationism, which points out meanings and ambiguities about social participation; (b) The discourse of identity differentialism, which identifies treatments to identities and differences. These discourses offer a conceptual basis for the analysis of the effects of participationism and identity fragmentation in organizational processes and strategies of social movements, as well as for the relationship between actors.

From conversion toward affirmation: Psychology, civil rights, and experiences of gender-diverse communities in Memphis.

Conversion efforts constitute any attempt to align an individual's behavior or identity with cisgender and heterosexual norms. The majority of empirical literature on conversion efforts focuses on the experiences of White cisgender gay men. Drawing on a review of the literature, archives, and interviews with local community leaders and stakeholders, this article highlights a broader set of conversion strategies targeted toward Black transgender individuals in Memphis, a community at the heart of the civil rights movement. In addition to the role of ex-gay ministries like Love In Action, this investigation produced themes highlighting the roles of Christian organizations promulgating "church hurt," structural violence, and gatekeeping to access affirmative care as forms of conversion. We further describe how lack of inclusion within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community, in terms of race, class, and gender identity, has resulted in unequal support for Black transgender individuals and the obscuring of the central role that many transgender individuals, especially those with intersectional marginalized identities, have played in social justice movements. We end with ideas for moving toward affirmation and liberation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).